All India Institute of Medical Sciences

Washed, prepared sperm is placed in the uterus around ovulation—often after ovulation induction. A common first-line treatment for mild male factor or unexplained infertility.

Eggs and sperm are fertilised in the lab; one or more embryos are transferred to the uterus. The main treatment when simpler options have not worked or when age, tubal, or multiple factors are involved.

A single sperm is injected directly into each egg—especially useful for low count, poor motility, or abnormal morphology. Often combined with IVF when male factor is present.